Numerical analysis of cover systems for mining waste in tropical regions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The flow of water in mining waste may cause serious environmental impacts associated with acid-rock drainage. In relatively dry climates, dry soil covers have been considered as feasible alternatives to minimise such effects. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence of the hydrological cycle and soil type on the performance of dry cover systems, considering the tropical conditions found in Brazil’s central-west region. Numerical analyzes of four different cover systems composed of tropical soils were performed using the Finite Element Method. Among the proposed arrangements, three use a soil that presents a bimodal soil-water characteristic curve and the fourth system employs a unimodal soil. The thicknesses of intermediate materials were varied and different representative precipitation parameters were considered for a period of one year. The results obtained were compared in terms of the internal flow and the capacity of the cover to store water. The results indicate that bimodal soils may not be ideal materials and require specific compaction conditions to reduce the volume of macropores. Unimodal tropical soils presented adequate response as store-and-release materials. The use of an intermediate layer acting as a capillary barrier did not offer significant improvement to the cover systems evaluated.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".