Maternal Environmental Effects of Temperature and Exogenous Gibberellic Acid on Seed and Seedling Traits of Four Populations of Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Earlier studies have considered the separate effects of temperature and gibberellic acid (GA3) on plants and seeds. However, the combined effects of these factors on parent plants and their progeny have received little attention. We investigated the effects of two temperature regimes (24/20 °C and 28/24 °C, 16 h light/ 8 h dark) and two GA3 treatments (for two weeks) on the reproductive yield of parent plants, the subsequent seed germinability, and the seedling traits of four local populations of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis). Mature seeds were harvested and germinated, and seedlings were grown under the two temperature regimes. Parent plants were phenotyped for flower area and diameter, capsule length and width, full and empty capsule masses, and seed number and mass per capsule. Additionally, seed total germination and germination rate were determined, alongside stem height and dry mass, leaf number, area and dry mass, root dry mass, and total dry mass in seedlings. GA3 promoted the flowering of all populations in the first year. Maturation drying under higher temperatures resulted in more viable and faster germinating seeds. Higher GA3 did not affect total germination, but increased the germination rate of seeds that produced seedlings with lower total dry mass under the higher temperature regime. In conclusion, all populations responded similarly to GA3 treatment in terms of flowering, but responded differently to temperature during seed maturation, and subsequent seed germination and seedling growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".