WITHDRAWN: A method to isolate forces and moments applied to teeth: An in vitro experiment
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A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame — the usual design — would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.
Post-publication record
- Nature
- Retraction
- Reason
- Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Removed;
- Date
- 4/28/2022 0:00
- Flagged by OpenAlex?
- Yes
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement — it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.301 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
•The Independent Mover (IM) system is a custom-made NiTi appliance designed with FEA.•The IM system reduced reactive forces and moments to subclinical values per tooth, in vitro.•With the IM system, the anchorage for every tooth movement is the rest of the dentition.•The IM system applies lighter forces and moments compared with 0.016'' NiTi lingual wire.•The IM system moves the teeth clinically independent. IntroductionWhen forces and moments are applied to teeth using traditional braces, an equal and opposite reaction is generated in teeth close to the subject tooth. This reaction diminishes as distance increases along the arch. Using a computational method called force moment enhancement, a new nickel-titanium orthodontic appliance has been designed to distribute these reactive forces across the entire arch. In this in vitro experiment, the Orthodontic SIMulator was employed to compare the reactive forces and moments of this newly designed orthodontic appliance, the independent mover (IM) system, with forces and moments generated by an 0.016-in nickel-titanium lingual mushroom-shaped archwire across the entire arch.MethodsAfter connecting each appliance passively to the orthodontic simulator in a temperature-controlled chamber set at 37°C, 5 trials with the lingual mushroom archwire and 10 trials with the IM system were conducted. Each trial consisted of movement of 1 of 3 teeth: 2-mm extrusion of a maxillary right second premolar, 2-mm intrusion of a maxillary left second premolar, and 1.5-mm buccal movement of a maxillary right lateral incisor. The forces and moments of every tooth were then recorded in the incisogingival, mesiodistal, and buccolingual dimensions, along with the corresponding rotational movements. They were then compared using a 2-sided t test.ResultsThe IM system generated significantly lower forces and moments at the moving teeth than the lingual mushroom archwire (P <0.001). The IM system distributed the reactive forces and moments to the rest of the dentition in a unison manner, breaking them down to subclinical values, a pattern that was fundamentally different from what was recorded for the lingual mushroom archwire in which the teeth next to the moving teeth felt heavy forces and moments (P <0.001).ConclusionsThe novel appliance can distribute the reactive forces and moments across the entire dental arch as if the anchorage for every tooth’s movement is the rest of the dentition. This design can allow the teeth to move clinically independent.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Topic
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Field
- Dentistry
- Canadian institutions
- —
- Funders
- University of Alberta
- Keywords
- PremolarOrthodonticsMaxillary central incisorDentistryDental archArchBracketMaterials scienceMedicineEngineeringStructural engineeringMolar
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes