WITHDRAWN: A method to isolate forces and moments applied to teeth: An in vitro experiment
Post-publication record
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement; it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction When forces and moments are applied to teeth using traditional braces, an equal and opposite reaction is generated in teeth close to the subject tooth. This reaction diminishes as distance increases along the arch. Using a computational method called force moment enhancement, a new nickel-titanium orthodontic appliance has been designed to distribute these reactive forces across the entire arch. In this in vitro experiment, the Orthodontic SIMulator was employed to compare the reactive forces and moments of this newly designed orthodontic appliance, the independent mover (IM) system, with forces and moments generated by an 0.016-in nickel-titanium lingual mushroom-shaped archwire across the entire arch. Methods After connecting each appliance passively to the orthodontic simulator in a temperature-controlled chamber set at 37°C, 5 trials with the lingual mushroom archwire and 10 trials with the IM system were conducted. Each trial consisted of movement of 1 of 3 teeth: 2-mm extrusion of a maxillary right second premolar, 2-mm intrusion of a maxillary left second premolar, and 1.5-mm buccal movement of a maxillary right lateral incisor. The forces and moments of every tooth were then recorded in the incisogingival, mesiodistal, and buccolingual dimensions, along with the corresponding rotational movements. They were then compared using a 2-sided t test. Results The IM system generated significantly lower forces and moments at the moving teeth than the lingual mushroom archwire ( P <0.001). The IM system distributed the reactive forces and moments to the rest of the dentition in a unison manner, breaking them down to subclinical values, a pattern that was fundamentally different from what was recorded for the lingual mushroom archwire in which the teeth next to the moving teeth felt heavy forces and moments ( P <0.001). Conclusions The novel appliance can distribute the reactive forces and moments across the entire dental arch as if the anchorage for every tooth's movement is the rest of the dentition. This design can allow the teeth to move clinically independent.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".