Efficient removal of Deltamethrin (pyrethroid ester insecticide) from water using novel chemically activated carbon derived from the inner stem bark of C. Verum tree
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Here, we report the adsorptive removal of Deltamethrin (DEL) from wastewater using activated carbon (AC) from the inner stem bark of the C. Verum tree. The raw material was chemically activated using H3PO4, with different impregnation ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 (wt%) followed by pyrolysis at 700 °C. Adsorption experiments are carried out to study different effects on the removal of DEL by the prepared AC. The prepared AC has a high surface area between 1009 and 1954 m2/g, total pore volume between 0.47–1.22 mL/g, and a pore diameter around 2 nm. FTIR results revealed the presence of acidic and basic functional groups within the new adsorbent. Kinetic studies showed that adsorption data followed the pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir's model showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 89.3 mg/g at 40 °C. Changes in free energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°), and entropy (∆S°) were also calculated. The thermodynamic characteristics demonstrated that DEL adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it