Bibliographic record
Abstract
The prevailing view that magnetars' X-ray luminosities exceed their spin-down luminosities is based on the assumption that the decay with distance of the flux of the X-rays received from magnetars obeys the inverse-square law. The results presented here, of testing the hypothesis of independence of luminosities and distances of magnetars by means of the Efron-Petrosian statistic, do not uphold this assumption however: they imply that the observational data in the McGill Magnetar Catalog are consistent with the dependence S\propto D^{-3/2} of the flux densities S of these objects on their distances D at substantially higher levels of significance than they are with the dependence S\propto D^{-2}. These results are not incompatible with the requirements of the conservation of energy because the radiation process described in Ardavan (2021, MNRAS, 507, 4530), by which the superluminally moving current sheet in the magnetosphere of a neutron star is shown to generate the slowly decaying X-ray pulses, is intrinsically transient. Once their over-estimation is rectified, the ratios of X-ray to spin-down luminosities of known magnetars turn out to be invariably lower than one. A magnetar differs from other rotationally powered pulsars only in that it is observed along a privileged latitudinal direction relative to its spin axis: the closer is the line of sight to a direction in which the radiation from the current sheet is focused, the higher the frequency content and the lower the decay rate with distance of the observed radiation. The outbursts characterizing the emission of a magnetar thus arise from sudden movements of its spin or magnetic axes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".