Perspective Chapter: Slowing Down the “Internal Clocks” of Atoms – A Novel Way to Increase Time Resolution in Time-Resolved Experiments through Relativistic Time Dilation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traditional time-resolved studies typically rely on a pump laser beam that triggers a reaction dynamic in an atom or molecule and is subsequently probed by a probe pulse of photons, electrons or neutrons. This traditional method is reliant on advancements in creating ever shorter probe and pump pulses. The shorter the pulses the higher is the time resolution. In this chapter we would like to present a novel idea that has the potential to achieve 2–3 orders of magnitude higher time resolutions than is possible with laser and electron compression technology. The proposed novel method is to slow down the ‘internal clock’ of the sample. This can be achieved by accelerating the sample to relativistic speeds, which can be realized in particle accelerators such as cyclotrons and synchrotrons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".