Endfire Circularly Polarized Planar Antennas: A review of their development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article reviews and summarizes the developments of endfire circularly polarized (CP) planar antennas. The difficulty in designing such antennas is that there is not a large radiating aperture on a substrate to produce strong enough vertically polarized (VP) radiation to match the horizontally polarized (HP) radiation. Mainly based on the structures of radiation and feeding, endfire CP planar antennas are classified into several groups. The mechanisms of these antennas are identified, their performance is compared with tables, and the relation between performance and structures is explored. It is indicated that the distance between the phase centers of VP and HP radiators is a crucial parameter to affect the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth and beamwidth of an endfire CP antenna. It is addressed that it is essential to have strong VP radiation for a high-gain and wideband endfire CP antenna when substrates are thin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".