High site-fidelity and low mortality of juvenile Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) in subarctic coastal habitat during their first winter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In subarctic Newfoundland, age-0 juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) settle into coastal habitats in several summer and fall pulses, yielding a broad length-frequency distribution prior to their first winter. The first winter is often associated with physiological and metabolic stress and has been considered a critical survival period determining cohort strength. We evaluated size-structured overwinter mortality and movement using mark–recapture and condition metrics by marking 226 cod in two batches one week apart, in October 2016. We estimated fall and overwinter mortality, and documented movement of fish recaptured in May 2017 using Cormack–Jolly–Seber models. We recaptured 30 marked juveniles. High fall mortality characterized late settling cohorts relative to earlier settling cohorts (16.6%∙d−1 vs. 4.5–7.7% ∙d−1). Overwinter mortality was unexpectedly low (0.0052 and 0.0022% ∙d−1). Individual condition (Fulton’s K) of juvenile cod remained high throughout winter across all size groups. We expected higher mortality of juvenile cod and broad dispersal of juveniles over winter (32 weeks). In contrast, our results indicated low mortality and high site-fidelity in their first winter. This study indicates the period leading up to winter is important for survival, suggesting winter is not a survival bottleneck and may even provide a refuge compared to the rest of the year.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".