Epilepsy in elderly patients: does age of onset make a difference?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Epilepsy is most frequent in children and elderly people. Today’s population is ageing and epilepsy prevalence is increasing. The type of epilepsy and its management change with age. We performed a retrospective, observational study comparing patients aged ≥ 65 years with epilepsy diagnosed before and after the age of 65, and describing epilepsy characteristics and comorbidities in each group. The sample included 123 patients, of whom 61 were diagnosed at < 65 years of age (group A), 62 at ≥ 65 of age (group B). Sex distribution was similar in both groups, with 39 men (62.9%) in group A and 37 (60.7%) in group B. Mean age was 69.97 ± 5.6 years in group A and 77.29 ± 6.73 in group B. The most common aetiology was cryptogenic in group A (44.3%, n = 27) and vascular in group B (74.2%, n = 46). History of stroke was present in 12 patients from group A (19.7%) and 32 (51.6%) in group B. Antiepileptic drugs were prescribed at lower doses in group A. Statistically significant differences were found between groups for history of ischaemic stroke, cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, and diabetes mellitus; degree of dependence; and number of antiepileptic drugs. Age of onset ≥ 65 years is closely related to cardiovascular risk factors; these patients require fewer antiepileptic drugs and respond to lower doses. Some cases initially present as status epilepticus. La epilepsia afecta más frecuentemente a niños y personas ancianas. La edad media de la población está aumentando al igual que la prevalencia de la epilepsia. El tipo de epilepsia y su manejo cambia con la edad. Presentamos un estudio observacional retrospectivo en el que comparamos pacientes epilépticos mayores de 65 años, con diagnóstico de epilepsia antes y después de los 65 años. Estudiamos las características de la epilepsia de estos pacientes y las comorbilidades. Incluimos 123 pacientes, 61 fueron diagnosticados de epilepsia antes de los 65 años (grupo A) y 62 después de los 65 (grupo B). La distribución en cuanto al género fue similar en ambos grupos, en el A fueron hombres el 62,9% (N = 39) y 60,7% (N = 37) en el B. La edad media fue 69,97 ± 5,6 años en el A y 77,29 ± 6,73 en el B. La etiología más prevalente fue desconocida en el A (44,3%, N = 27) y estructural en el B (74,2%, N = 46). Se hallaron antecedentes de ictus en el 19,7% (N = 12) en el A y 51,6% (N = 32) en el B. La dosis de fármacos antiepilépticos fue menor en el grupo B. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos respecto al antecedente de ictus isquémico, deterioro cognitivo, enfermedades psiquiátricas, diabetes mellitus, grado de dependencia y número de fármacos antiepilépticos. La epilepsia que se inicia después de los 65 años tiene una estrecha relación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular, precisa para su control un menor número de fármacos y dosis más bajas, aunque en algunos casos puede iniciarse con estatus epiléptico.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".