Relationship between pumping rate and particle capture efficiency in three species of bivalves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For suspension-feeding bivalves, capture efficiency (CE) is the proportion of a given type of particle that is cleared from the water by the gill filaments of suspension-feeding bivalves compared to other particles that are inhaled. The majority of research on CE variability in suspension-feeding bivalves has focused on particle characteristics (e.g. size, surface properties). This study was designed to explore CE as a function of particle size (of natural seston) and pumping rate (PR), as a proxy for fluid velocity. Bivalve species from different families were chosen for their differences in gill structure: Mytilidae ( Mytilus edulis) , Ostreidae ( Crassostrea virginica) , and Pectinidae ( Placopecten magellanicus) . Structural variation in the gills was hypothesized to influence any relationship between PR and CE. Experiments estimating PR and CE were replicated in both laboratory and field conditions. Results demonstrated that PR may influence CE in bivalves and that this relationship is dependent upon particle size and bivalve species (i.e. gill structure). For C. virginica , CE increased with PR (range: 0.4-6.9 l h -1 ) for particles between 2.25 and 7.25 in laboratory experiments and 4.75 and 8.25 µm in the field. However, for M. edulis and P. magellanicus , no relationship was observed between PR and CE. Among the mechanisms by which particles can be removed from a fluid by a filter, these findings agree qualitatively with the capture mechanism of direct interception applying to all species where CE depends on particle size, and inertial impaction additionally applying to C. virginica where CE depends on fluid velocity and particle size in the 2.25 to 8.25 µm range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".