Air Void System Requirements for Durable Paving Concrete - Another Look
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The resistance of concrete to freeze-thaw (F-T) greatly depends on the characteristics of the concrete air-void system, such as the air content, size, and distribution. These air-void characteristics are influenced by every step of concrete production, from material selection and mixture proportioning to mixing, and placing. The research presented in this paper summarizes the observations from a comprehensive study that combined the in-situ performance of highway concrete with laboratory investigations. The field investigation involved determining the minimum requirements of air-void systems (AVS) for long-term durability against F-T cycles. In collaboration with several state agencies across the United States and Canada, core specimens were obtained for studying the properties of AVS resulting in different F-T conditions. Hardened air content, spacing factor, and specific surface of air-voids were determined for the extracted cores. The observations were supplemented by data obtained from a wide range of modern paving concrete mixtures. AVS characteristics were investigated using a variety of different techniques in fresh and hardened states. The main outcome of this research is a series of recommendations for minimum fresh and hardened AVS requirements to secure F-T durability.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".