Advances on Structural Modification and Applications of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heptamethine cyanine dyes (HCDs) feature a large molar extinction coefficient, a high fluorescence quantum yield, and an adjustable structure, with maximum absorption and emission wavelengths located in the near-infrared region.Thanks to these excellent features, the HCDs have been widely used in biological imaging, ion detection, new energy, and many other fields.However, the unique structure of the HCDs brings some defects, such as poor hydrophilicity and low photostability.Many scholars have been striving to expand the application of the HCDs in biological analysis by improving properties like spectral properties, hydrophilicity, photostability, and fluorescence quantum yield.This paper thoroughly reviews the advances of structural modification in the sites of terminal heterocycles (indole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole and benzoselenide) and polymethine chains (straight chain or rigid bridged ring), and introduces the influences of functional materials over the features of the HCDs.Finally, the authors predicted the development trend of the HCDs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it