PDGFRβ signal inhibition in brain pericytes reverses the decreased expression of astrocytic glutamate transporter EAAT2 in the hippocampus of traumatic brain injury model mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Impaired glutamate uptake and lowered expression of glutamate transporter (excitatory amino acid transporter: EAAT) in activated astrocytes are involved in the development of neuronal hyperexcitability in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our previous study showed that astrocytic activation, characterized by increased GFAP expression, is preceded by increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) β in brain pericytes of TBI mice. However, little is known about the role of pericyte in dysregulation of glutamate uptake via EAAT in astrocytes under TBI pathology. Here, we investigated whether reactive pericytes in the early phase after TBI modulate EAAT2 expression in astrocytes. EAAT2 expression in astrocytes was significantly lower in the ipsilateral hippocampus 28 days after TBI than after sham operation. The decreased EAAT2 levels in TBI mice on postoperative day 28 were reversed by treatment with imatinib, a PDGFRβ inhibitor, during a period of postoperative day 0–4. In this period, PDGFRβ expression was increased in pericytes. These findings suggest that increased PDGFRβ expression in pericytes in the early phase causes the downregulation of EAAT2 expression in astrocytes in the late phase after TBI and drives the development of impaired glutamate uptake in astrocytes after TBI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".