Real-Time Multiobjective Energy Management for Electrified Powertrains: A Convex Optimization-Driven Predictive Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Energy management is an important technology for maximizing the energy efficiency of hybrid vehicles. In the process of developing cost-optimal powertrain control strategies, existing studies have explored the interactions between fuel economy and battery degradation to prolong the battery service period and reduce fuel consumption simultaneously. However, computational efficiency will be sacrificed in order to search optimal control sequences due to the nonlinear powertrain model and many optimization variables in the optimal control problem, which hinders the implementation in real-time applications. To this end, this article combines second-order cone programming and model predictive control algorithms to formulate a computationally efficient energy management strategy for a series hybrid electric vehicle. Specifically, three main contributions are made which distinguish our work from existing studies. First, based on the constructed convex powertrain model, two objectives, fuel economy and battery degradation, are optimized by the proposed hybrid algorithm. Second, a comparison study that compares the strategies with and without battery degradation optimization is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Finally, by changing the size of the prediction horizon, several simulation results are discussed to evaluate the computational efficiency of the devised method. Furthermore, the effects of different battery and fuel prices on optimized results are analyzed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".