An Efficient Track-Scale Model for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: Part 2—Mechanical Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is the second of two manuscripts that presents a computationally efficient full-field deterministic model for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The Hybrid Line (HL) thermal model developed in part I is extended to predict the in-process residual stresses due to laser processing of a nickel-based superalloy, RENÉ 65. The computational efficiency and accuracy of the HL thermo-mechanical model is first compared to the exponential decaying heat input model on a single-track simulation. LPBF thin-wall builds with three different laser powers and four printing patterns are evaluated in this study and compared with part-scale simulations. The simulations show good agreements with the experimental X-Ray diffraction measured residual stresses. Compared to the laser power, the scanning pattern is demonstrated to have significant effects on residual stresses. Laser scan patterns utilizing short laser paths generate lower tensile stress along the longitudinal direction of the part and higher compressive stress along the build direction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".