Directing macromolecular assemblies by tailored surface functionalizations of nanoporous alumina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is a nanoporous material with parallel, hexagonally-ordered, cylindrical pores running straight through the material s thickness. A method to deposit highly ordered AAO thin-films, with adjustable 1-10 mm thicknesses, on various surfaces was developed to allow the in-situ study of its dielectric response by optical waveguide spectroscopy (OWS). The Layer-by-Layer deposition within AAO of different types of macromolecules was studied: dendrimer polyelectrolytes, linear polyelectrolytes and proteins. Working at low ionic strength was found to inhibit macromolecular transport within the cylindrical nanopores due to electrostatic repulsion between macromolecules in solution and those adsorbed atop the AAO. Under optimal charge screening conditions, LbL proceeded in a similar fashion as on a planar surface, until multilayer growth became inhibited due to the confined cylindrical geometry that imposes a physical limit to macromolecular deposition and the pore diameter was reduced to 20-35 nm. The LbL growth was dependent on the physical structure of the LbL film, dictated by the size, shape and nature of the interaction between macromolecules. A method for the orthogonal functionalization of AAO was developed to selectively protect the silanized pore-rim AAO surface with a thin gold layer. Subsequent plasma treatments remove the unprotected silanization, such that AAO with different pore-rim and pore-interior surface chemistries were produced. This method was used to direct the formation of both hybrid and fluid pore-spanning membranes on the AAO surface by giant liposome rupture. These lipid membranes effectively encapsulate the AAO pore-interior liquid environment and act as real physical barriers. We demonstrated that these membranes could exclude proteins from entering the nanopores, or alternatively, that they can prevent encapsulated fluorescent dyes from escaping the nanopores. Finally, the homogeneous modification of AAO with a laterally mobile lipid monolayer in three-dimension s was achieved in order to control the amount of protein deposition within the AAO pores.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".