Tools from the Objects of the Xianbei Period of the Karban-I Complex (North Altai)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article presents the analysis of the tools found in the burials of the Bulan-Koby culture of the Karban-I necropolis. Research on this site, located in the Chemal region of the Altai Republic, was carried out by an expedition of the Barnaul Pedagogical Institute (now Altai State Pedagogical University) in 1989–1990. The source base of the work is composed of the materials from eight undisturbed burials of adults (mounds No. 9, 11, 14, 25, 27, 30, 33, 39). They are represented by four knives, five awls, two whip handles, one adze, one oselok. The authors analyzed the general, special and individual morphological signs of these objects to determine their relative chronology, taking into account dated analogies from other necropolises of the Bulan-Koby culture, as well as archaeological sites of Central and North Asia of the last quarter of the 1st millennium BC — the first half of the 1st millennium AD. It has been established that most of the recorded tools have an initial period of existence among the population of Altai no earlier than the 2nd century AD. A significant standardization of the location of knives and awls in the graves, in almost all cases at the right thigh of a deceased person, was revealed. The results of the study of materials from the excavations of the Karban-I necropolis allow us to conclude that all the categories of tools discovered were an attribute of the accompanying equipment of men.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".