Subwavelength Grating Metamaterial Multimode Bend for Silicon Waveguides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, a novel multimode waveguide implemented on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) platform that supports several transverse (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) modes across a broad range of wavelengths is experimentally demonstrated. The fully etched metamaterial design combines a gradient curvature bend with trapezoidal subwavelength grating segments and tapered concentric bridging strips. The simulations showed successful propagation of up to nine modes (5 TE and 4 TM) on the 340 nm SOI platform, with excess losses below 2.4 dB, and intermodal cross‐talk of less than −15.7 dB. Experimentally, a compact multimode bend with a radius of 10 µm on a 220 nm SOI platform is demonstrated that successfully supports four TE modes, with average signal‐to‐cross‐talk extinction ratio levels of 14.4 dB or better, across a wavelength band of 1500–1600 nm. This versatile multimode waveguide bend can be employed as a fundamental building block for densely integrated photonic circuits and mode multiplexing systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".