Compact Cauliflower-Shaped Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed cauliflower-shaped antenna is presented and discussed in this paper. To extend the impedance bandwidth and to improve the impedance matching, fractal geometry having a cauliflower shape is introduced along the edges of the radiator. To validate the simulated results by experimental ones, a prototype of the designed antenna was fabricated on the RO-4350B substrate having a compact size of 0.3623λ0 × 0.41λ0 × 0.01524λ0 at 3 GHz. An Agilent 8722ES vector network was used for the reflection coefficient measurement revealing that the –10 dB bandwidth of the fabricated antenna offers an impedance bandwidth of 113% extending from 3.05 to 10.96 GHz. Besides, the antenna’s radiation patterns are measured in an anechoic chamber showing consistent radiation patterns characteristic over the entire working band. Furthermore, the proposed antenna has a peak gain of around 6 dBi and an average radiation efficiency almost over 90% across the entire operating band. Thus, the proposed antenna could be useful in many modern ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".