Effect of temperature on CO2 curing, compressive strength and microstructure of cement paste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of temperature (5 °C–50 °C) on the carbonation process, compressive strength and microstructure of CO2-cured cement paste. Results showed that the carbonation process and rate were significantly affected by temperature and time. When the curing temperature increased, the rate of improvement of cement paste's properties was accelerated. The carbonation reaction was mainly kinetically controlled by product layer diffusion with an activation energy of about 10.8 kJ/mol. Temperature had greatly affected the structural transformation, morphological changes, size and amounts of calcium carbonate polymorphs (calcite, aragonite and vaterite) as well as their degree of crystallinity and decomposition temperature. Alongside calcite, vaterite and aragonite were formed at low and high curing temperatures, respectively. Apart from microstructure, the compressive strength was also found to be very sensitive to temperature and carbonation products. The relationship between the amount of different carbonate polymorphs and the compressive strength was also provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".