Drug-Induced Liver Injury Secondary to Enobosarm: A Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are compounds that bind to androgen receptors and have similar anabolic properties to anabolic steroids. Unlike anabolic steroids, which bind to androgen receptors in many tissues all over the body, individual SARMs selectively bind androgen receptors in certain tissues, but not in others. This selectivity has attracted researchers due to the possibility of using SARMs for the potential benefits of androgen receptor stimulation, such as increased muscle mass and increased bone density, while minimizing the adverse effects, such as erythrocytosis and hepatotoxicity. Enobosarm, a SARM, has been studied for use in treatment of cachexia, osteoporosis, breast and prostate cancers, and stress urinary incontinence. Enobosarm can be found in some over-the-counter muscle-building supplements. We report a 31-year-old man with no significant personal or family medical history who presented with itching and dark-colored urine for 1 week. Three weeks prior to presentation, he had begun using a muscle-building supplement containing enobosarm. Diagnostic workup concluded a drug-induced hepatocellular liver injury secondary to enobosarm, which subsequently improved after discontinuation of enobosarm-containing muscle-building supplement use. As enobosarm and other SARMs are increasingly found in the over-the-counter supplements and being studied for other clinical applications, it is important to recognize their potential for liver toxicity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it