Mobil Investments Canada Inc. and Murphy Oil Corporation <i>v</i>. Government of Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fair and equitable treatment — Minimum standard of treatment — NAFTA, Article 1105 — Customary international law — Legitimate expectation — Legal stability — Whether the minimum standard protected an investor’s legitimate expectations — Whether the minimum standard protects an investor from changes in the legal and business framework — Whether the State made any promise or representation of a contractual nature — Whether the measures constituted egregious behaviour Performance requirements — NAFTA, Article 1106 — Interpretation — Meaning of “services” — Whether research and development qualified as services — Whether the measure required the investor to prefer local goods and services Defence — Exclusions and reservations — NAFTA, Article 1108 — Subordinate measures — Whether a subordinate measure was adopted under the authority of and consistent with the reserved measure — Whether new subordinate measures should be assessed for consistency with existing subordinate measures Remedies — Future damages — NAFTA, Article 1116 — Whether a tribunal may award compensation for future damages Remedies — Standard of proof — Customary international law — Whether compensation could be made for obligations incurred but not yet paid — Whether uncertainty was to be construed against the wrongdoer Remedies — Quantum — Customary international law — Whether a tribunal may increase compensation to offset an investor’s future tax liability Remedies — Quantum — Whether losses represented expenditure undertaken pursuant to the measure or would have been made in the ordinary course of business — Whether compensation should be decreased to reflect tax benefits and royalty payment deductions enjoyed by an investor
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.325 | 0.115 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".