Floating car and camera data fusion for non-parametric route travel time estimation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper proposes a non-parametric route travel time estimation method based on fusion of floating car data (FCD) and automated number plate recognition (ANPR) data. Today's traffic management utilizes heterogeneous data collection systems which can be stationary or mobile. Each data collection system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Stationary sensors usually have less measurement noise than mobile sensors but their network coverage is limited. On the other hand, mobile sensors, commonly installed in fleet vehicles, cover relatively wider areas of the network but they suffer from low penetration rate and low sampling frequency. Traffic state estimations can benefit from fusion of data collected by various sources as they complement each other. The proposed estimation method is implemented using FCD from taxis and the ANPR data from Stockholm, Sweden. The results suggest that the fusion increases the robustness of the estimation, meaning that the fused estimates are always better than the worst of the two (FCD or ANPR), and it sometimes outperforms the two single sources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".