Bibliographic record
Abstract
Medial ankle ligament injuries usually occur in combination with syndesmosis injuries, or ankle fracture-dislocations, and less frequently in isolation. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview covering the management of both acute and chronic lateral ligament injuries, syndesmosis injuries and medial ankle sprains. Most deltoid ligament injuries occur in association with high energy ankle fractures or syndesmotic injuries, when the talus is forced into either external rotation or abduction. Clinical examination of an acute ankle injury should initially follow the Ottawa ankle rules to rule out a fracture. Radiographs should be taken to rule out a Maisonneuve type injury if there is proximal fibula tenderness and also to exclude Tillaux-type or posterior malleolar avulsion fractures, which can be present in up to 50% of such injuries. Deltoid ligament injuries frequently occur in association with ankle fracture dislocations or high-grade syndesmosis injuries. There is medial swelling and palpation may help differentiate a deltoid ligament injury from a spring ligament injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.118 | 0.053 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".