The effect of paternal dietary folic acid on male fertility and embryo development in Balb/c mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1998, Canada fortified white flour with folic acid targeting women of childbearing age to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects.Resultantly, FA intake in men increased.This study investigated the effect of paternal FA intake on male fertility, embryo development, and methylation dependent gene expression in unexposed descendants of Balb/c mice.Folate deficiency resulted in a higher number of embryos with congenital anomalies and developmental delay, and a lower prevalence of ossification in bones of the skull.Placenta size was higher with higher FA intake.BiSulfite Amplicon Sequencing was used to characterize methylation changes in heritable epigenetically regulated genes for which hepatic expression was dependent on grandpaternal FA exposure during early development or post-weaning.CpG islands in promoters of three genes had subtle diet-induced methylation changes.This study highlights the importance of adequate paternal FA intake, emphasizing that fortification can directly impact embryo development and affect future generations. gene expression changes through the male line ___________________________________4.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".