Patterns of diffusion: The 1886-1888 measles epidemic and the expansion of settler influence in the Central Interior of British Columbia.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Patterns of Diffusion' argues that the measles epidemic of 1886-1889 was a pivotal event in the indigenous history of British Columbia especially in its Central Interior. This conclusion is drawn primarily through the examination of Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) documents, but also from newspaper accounts, the oral histories of Imbert Orchard, and the anthropological notes of Marius Barbeau. Prior to this study, no academic work has fully examined the epidemic. Patterns of Diffusion' traces the spread of the epidemic, explores the involvement of the HBC, and examines the origins of the Skeena River Uprising, in which the epidemic was deeply involved. The incorporation of the 1886-1889 measles epidemic into the broader historical narrative contributes to our understanding of the expansion of white settlement and colonial authority in BC's Central Interior region at the end of the nineteenth century. --Leaf ii.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".