Derivation of biomonitoring equivalents (BE values) for bismuth
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bismuth (Bi) is a natural element present in the environmental media. Bismuth has been used medicinally for centuries, specifically for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Although bismuth toxicity is rare in humans, an outbreak of bismuth-induced neurotoxicity was reported in France and Australia in the mid-1970s. The primary source of bismuth exposure in the general population is via food. US FDA (2019) estimated recommended daily intake (RDI) for bismuth as 848 mg bismuth/day (12.1 mg Bi/kg-d assuming a body weight of 70 kg) for GI tract disorders. Exposures to bismuth can be quantified by measuring concentrations in blood and urine. Biomonitoring equivalents (BEs) were derived based on US FDA's RDI as a tool for interpretation of population-level biomonitoring data. A regression between steady state plasma concentrations and oral intakes was used to derive plasma BEs. A whole blood: plasma partitioning coefficient of 0.6 was used to convert plasma BE into whole blood BE. A mass balance equation with a urinary excretion fraction of 0.0003 was used to derive urinary BE. The BE values associated with US FDA's RDI for plasma, whole blood and urine were 8.0, 4.8 and 0.18 μg/L, respectively. These BE values together with bismuth biomonitoring data may be used in screening and prioritization of health risk assessment of bismuth in the general population.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it