Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between 2019 and 2021, major upgrades are required to the ATLAS detector and its muon system to prepare for the high-luminosity phase of operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).One upgrade will be the replacement of the present Small Wheel with the New Small Wheel (NSW) that will allow improved tracking and triggering on muons originating from the interaction point.One half of the NSW upgrade is based on the gaseous small-strip Thin Gap Chamber (sTGC) multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC) technology.As particles traverse the gaseous region they produce ionization clusters which drift towards the anodes and cathodes.Ultimately, the avalanche on the wires induces charge on the detector elements of the MWPC.A method to determine this induced charge signal using Ramo's theorem will be described.An explanation of the physics inherent to a MWPC will also be summarized.Subsequently, an overview of the sTGC will be introduced, leading into a description of its simulation.The e↵ects of detector components on signal formation will be presented, followed by how they are taken into account in the simulations.As a proof of concept, a comparison of the simulation results to test beam data will be shown.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".