This issue of Acta, printed and electronic

The cover illustration shows a conjunctival autograft, from one week of transplant to six months (slit lamp image, diffuse illumination, without and with fluorescein 2% eye drops), as described by Ghoz et al. in the electronic part of this issue of Acta. Grauslund et al. document Danish evidence-based guidelines for screening of diabetic retinopathy with high-quality imaging and allow flexible, individualized screening intervals. Elshout et al. in Maastricht conclude that bevacizumab in a PRN protocol is the most cost-effective treatment for neovascular AMD. Modenese and Gobba in Italy state that outdoor work and solar radiation exposure is a relevant risk factor for cataract development. Andersson et al. in Denmark found antibiotic use for bacterial conjunctivitis to be common in Scandinavian countries but decreasing over the last decade. van Meurs et al. in Rotterdam and Amsterdam found that turning the head into a pillow gave a large and clinically significant increase in IOP and this was prevented with protective glasses. Toft-Petersen et al. in Denmark found a modest but significant statistical associated between cancer and retinal vein occlusion. Jelin et al. in Norway developed and tested a questionnaire that may be useful to assess outcome of treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Christiansen et al. in Denmark and Sweden discovered that neuropeptide Y induces retinal vasoconstriction and retinal damage in a porcine ischaemia model. Arif et al. in Denmark and Norway describe pigment epithelium detachment in relation to central serous chorioretinopathy and positive effect of photodynamic therapy. Miron et al. in Rotterdam examine endothelial cell migration from in vitro Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty grafts. Lorenzo et al. in Oslo describe low levels of oxidative DNA damage in ex vivo engineered human limbal epithelial tissue. van Beek et al. in the Netherlands found similar quality of life in melanoma patients who underwent irradiation and enucleation, whereas the enucleated ones had slightly greater early visual and functional difficulties. Viljanen et al. in Finland state that IOP is significantly higher in obese women than in non-obese age-matched controls and decreases after bariatric surgery. Bro and Lindblom in Sweden argue for standardization of visual requirements for driving. The following articles are published electronically and are accessible on www.actaophthalmologica.com, as are all articles in Acta for the last century. Yamashita et al. in Japan conclude that surgical success in macular holes is high and inverted ILM techniques are good for large holes. Lanzetta et al. in Italy, Canada, France, USA, Germany and Australia found that younger age, lower VA and smaller CNV size at baseline were all associated with greater vision gains following anti-VEGF treatment in AMD, while eyes with better visual acuity were more likely to achieve 0.5 or better acuity. Raimundo et al. in Portugal and USA suggest that Mediterranean diet and active lifestyle is protective for AMD. Agard et al. in France found obstructive sleep apnoea in a significant portion of patients with retinal vein occlusion. Feltgen et al. in Germany found that ranibizumab treatment produced greater average visual improvement than Ozurdex. However, Ozurdex was given once in 6 months and it only provides reasonable steroid levels for about 3 months. Stefanickova et al. in Slovakia, Portugal, Germany, UK, Spain, France, Greece and Russia showed that real-world outcomes in DME patients starting treatment with ranibizumab were lower than those observed in clinical studies. Rizzo et al. in Italy, Singapore and UK found decreased choroidal vascularity following vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane. Seshadri et al. in UK discovered functional impairments in retinal microvasculature that correlate with established plasma markers for cardiovascular risk. Van Looveren et al. in Belgium found mesenchymal and lens proteins in posterior capsular plaques in congenital cataracts. Yoeruek et al. in Germany recommend curvilinear forceps for dissecting Descemet's membrane grafts. Riedl et al. in Germany recommend optical coherence tomography angiography over slit lamp photography to visualize corneal neovascularization. Ghoz et al. in UK found the healing of autologous conjunctival grafts in pterygium surgery to be identical to what follows ischaemia–reperfusion injuries. Kasudhan et al. in India identified unique proteins in vitreous fluid of patients with noninfectious uveitis. Parrozzani et al. in Italy describe a direct correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and visual acuity in children with optic pathway glioma. Fieß et al. in Germany found an association between Psychomotor Developmental Index at 2 years of age and lower visual acuity later in childhood, but no correlation with retinal morphology and neurologic outcome in former preterm children. Resch et al. in Austria found that nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy patients have similar RNFL thickness values as do glaucomatous eyes, whereas optic nerve head morphology in NAION eyes was similar to those seen in healthy controls. Rim et al. in Korea confirm that patients with diabetes are about 20% more likely to develop open-angle glaucoma. Hutchins et al. in USA and Italy discuss Alzheimer´s disease and glaucoma. Melo et al. document epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in Brazil. Trzcionkowska et al. in the Netherlands observe an increase in treatment of severe retinopathy of prematurity following a new national guideline. Bach-Holm et al. in Denmark study long-term rate of progression and target intraocular pressure in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Tarkkanen and Kivelá in Helsinki used self-tonometry to study fluctuation of intraocular pressure in exfoliation glaucoma. Wood et al. in USA suggest ophthalmic applications of optogenetics. Taipale et al. in Finland conclude that preoperative visual acuity does not correlate with patient satisfaction for cataract surgery. Sundqvist and Ekström examine glaucoma and mortality. Radros et al. report on Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in Sweden. Andersson et al. in Denmark describe corneal infiltrates in Crohn's disease. van Meurs and van Dissel in The Netherlands debate the role of vitrectomy in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis. Taipale et al. in Finland suggest aqueous flare as a marker of retinal disease activity after anti-VEGF injections. Cassiman et al. in Belgium describe Ophthalmological findings in neurofibromatosis type 1. I hope this issue of Acta provides pleasant and informative reading during the holidays. I wish you all Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.

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