100 Years Ago in the American Ornithologists' Union
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
General Notes found in The Auk in 1903 (new series vol.20, old series vol.28) were primarily centered around identifi cation of species distributions, mostly in the United States.For example, there were three notes on Barn Owls (Tyto alba) on Long Island (20:67, 20:212, 20:434) and one from northern Ohio (20:67), where Barn Owls were considered rare.Wood Ibis (Mycteria americana) was reported for the second time in Colorado (20:65) and for the fi rst time in Montana (20:210).Three notes dealt with Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) hybridizing with other species: American Black Duck (Anas rubripes; 20:64), Green-winged Teal (Anas creccia; 20:209-210), and Northern Pintail (Anas acuta; 20:303).At the time, the later two species were considered to be in different genera from the Mallard.In another note, R. Ridgway (20:308) stated that "If the Crested Tits are to be separated generically from Parus, as the writer thinks should be done, the name Lophophanes should be restricted to the Palaearctic species and the name Baeolophus Cabanis used for the American species."He apparently was about 100 years ahead of his time.Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) sightings had increased in Ontario Canada during the last few years of the 1890s (18:191-192), and Fleming (20: 66) summarized reports that he felt were reliable of Passenger Pigeons around Toronto between 1896 and 1902.This area was apparently the last stronghold for this species in North America.Other interesting observations include Bryan's report of the capture of a Short-eared Owl (Asio fl ammeus) on a boat headed to Hawaii 680 miles (1,100 km) off the coast in the Pacifi c Ocean, suggesting that Shorteared Owls in Hawaii originated from the North American continent.Felger (20:70) documents 84 passerines killed in trees in a 25 min hail storm in Denver (Colorado) in September 1902 J. H. Clark performed one of the earliest experiments in mate selection, reported in "A much mated House Sparrow" (20:306-307).In 1897, he erected a nest box in February and saw three House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), a male and two females, at the box in late February.The male drove one female away and "had considerable trouble keeping her away."On 19, 23, and 25 March, Clark observed copulations, where upon he shot the female in the presence of the male.The male investigated the dead female and was courting another female within 10 min.The next day the male had three females around the nest and he courted one and the other two left.Clark observed copula-
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it