Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractOBJECTIVE:To determine whether bupropion overdose has been associated with cardiovascular toxicity.DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE (1966–January 2002), EMBASE (1980–January 2002), Current Contents (January 2002), and PubMed (January 2002) databases for English-language human reports. Search terms included bupropion, overdose (drug), intoxication, poisoning, and acute ingestion.DATA SYNTHESIS:Articles describing toxicity following bupropion overdose were evaluated independently by both authors to identify cases of cardiotoxicity.RESULTS:Thirteen articles describing bupropion overdose in 116 patients were identified. Only 3 patients exhibited cardiotoxicity following acute ingestion; 2 of these patients also ingested other medications. All 3 patients experienced tachycardia and conduction delays (widened QRS complex and/or prolonged QTc interval), but none of these delays progressed to a life-threatening arrhythmia. All patients recovered, with resolution of cardiotoxicity within 2–4 days following ingestion.CONCLUSIONS:We recommend that all patients with an overdose of bupropion should have an electrocardiogram performed on admission and should be monitored for the development of conduction delays and/or life-threatening arrhythmias. ResumenOBJETIVO:Determinar si la sobredosificación con bupropion ha sido asociada al desarrollo de toxicidad cardiovascular.FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN:Investigación de la base de datos MEDLINE (1966–enero 2002), EMBASE (1980–enero 2002), Current Contents (enero 2002), and PubMed (enero 2002) para identificar artículos en inglés realizados en humanos. Los términos claves usados incluyeron: bupropion, sobredosificación con drogas, intoxicación, envenenamiento, e ingestión aguda.SÍNTESIS:Las referencias extraídas de la literatura fueron evaluadas independientemente por los 2 autores de este artículo con el fin de identificar casos de cardiotoxicidad por sobredosis al bupropion.RESULTADOS:Se identificaron 13 referencias que involucraban 116 pacientes sobredosificados con el bupropion. Sólo 3 de estos pacientes presentaron cardiotoxicidad después de la ingestión aguda de este medicamento. Dos de ellos habían ingerido otros medicamentos. Los 3 pacientes mencionados experimentaron taquicardia y demora en la conducción cardíaca (ensanchamiento del complejo QRS y/o prolongación del intervalo QTcorregido), pero ninguno de ellos progresó a presentar arritmias fatales. Todos los pacientes se recuperaron a los 2–4 días de la ingestión aguda y con resolución de la cardiotoxicidad. Se recomienda que todos los pacientes que sean admitidos a la sala de emergencia con una sobredosis por bupropion tengan un electrocardiograma hecho para seguir de cerca el desarrollo de demoras en la conducción cardíaca y/o el desarrollo de arritmias fatales. RésuméOBJECTIF:Déterminer si le surdosage en bupropion a été associé à une toxicité cardiovasculaire.REVUE DE LITTÉRATURE:Littérature de langue anglaise concernant l'espèce humaine repérée par une recherche sur MEDLINE (1966 à janvier 2002), EMBASE (1980 à janvier 2002), Current Contents (Janvier 2002), et PubMed (janvier 2002). Mots-clefs: bupropion, surdosage médicamenteux, intoxication, empoisonnement, et ingestion aiguë.RÉSUMÉ:Les citations décrivant une toxicité consécutive à un surdosage en bupropion ont été évaluées séparément par les 2 auteurs en vue de relever les cas de cardiotoxicité.CONCLUSIONS:Treize références concernant 116 patients surdosés en bupropion ont été identifiées. En dehors d'une tachycardie sinusale observée dans environ 40% des cas, seuls trois patients ont présenté des signes de cardiotoxicité à la suite d'une ingestion aiguë; dans 2 cas, d'autres médicaments étaient impliqués aussi. Les 3 patients ont présenté des troubles de conduction (élargissement du complexe QRS et/ou allongement de l'intervalle QTc) avec tachycardie, mais aucun des patients n'a évolué vers une arythmie engageant le pronostic vital. Les signes de cardiotoxicité ont disparu dans les 2 à 4 jours suivant l'ingestion aiguë. Il est préconisé que, dans tous les cas de surdosage en bupropion, les patients subissent un électrocardiogramme à l'admission et soient surveillés en vue de détecter des troubles de conduction et/ou d'autres arythmies potentiellement fatales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".