Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extractivism or natural resource wealth extraction can be traced back for centuries, but neoextractivism as the latest phase of capitalism has a history of only decades. The result, for Svampa and other Latin-American scholars of extractivism, is a proliferation of enclave economies and the splintering of indigenous and peasant territories through dispossession: “accumulation by dispossession” in Marxist discourse. While extractivism and the struggles arising from it are common across many Latin-American countries, there are also Inter-American entanglements, connections and parallels, which can be seen from including Canada in the discussion. The end of the global commodities boom, rising and organized resistance, together with the increasing severity of global climate change may point to a relaxation of the reliance on extractivism by states but this is unlikely to be a long-term solution as the logic of capitalist extractivism is to continue to exploit resources until they are gone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".