Bibliographic record
Abstract
Health Canada now recommends codeine be used only in children 12 years and older.After a new safety review of prescription pain and cough medications containing codeine, Health Canada has recommended the products not be used for children younger than 12 years.In an information update issued June 6, 2013, the department said the recommendation is based on "very rare cases of serious side effects and deaths in children that have been attributed to codeine." These results can occur in children who are given codeine directly or to babies who ingest codeine from breast milk, the update said.Codeine is converted by the body into morphine, and some people, known as "ultrarapid metabolizers, " make this conversion more rapidly and completely, the department explained.If these people ingest codeine, they face the risk of morphine overdose."Other risk factors, including surgery to remove tonsils, may increase the risk of known codeine side effects such as the slowing of breathing, " stated the update.In 2008, Health Canada warned health care professionals and the public about the risk to nursing infants, when their mothers are ultrarapid metabolizers of codeine.Nonprescription products containing codeine already indicate that they should not be given to children.Health Canada is working with the manufacturers of affected codeine products to ensure labels are updated to reflect the new recommendation.The federal government has announced it will move to a new system for producing and distributing medical marijuana.Individuals permitted to use marijuana for medical purposes will no longer be allowed to produce the product in their own homes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.525 | 0.290 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".