Active Roles of Water in Aqueous Assembly of Macromolecules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aqueous self-assembly customarily focuses on the molecular interactions of assembling building blocks; the role of water is barely studied. The hydration of hydrophobic P+X- (P+: macromolecular phosphonium cation, X-: anion) is dependent on the ionic end groups, which is responsible for the consequent assembling behavior. The water interaction with the backbone was analyzed by FT-IR, and the dynamics were measured by low field-NMR spectroscopy. The combination of these two techniques reveals the effect of X- on hydration. When X- is I-, the ionic end group ordered water molecules that exerted a detectable long-range effect de-hydrating the backbone. The consequent hydrophobic interaction drove the aqueous assembly of P+I- into micelle-like aggregates with the ionic group exposed to water. In contrast, the ion pair with a hydrophobic anion of [BPh4]- was not able to hold water and did not deplete the hydration water. The hydrated backbone of P+[BPh4]- assembled into vesicles that were driven by hydration interactions. This elucidation at the molecular level is craved to progress aqueous supramolecular chemistry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".