Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explores the work of J.B. Harley (1932–1991), the British historical geographer and historian of cartography whose advocacy of a cultural paradigm for map studies has been widely influential across the humanities and social sciences. It examines his entire intellectual career: his doctoral studies in the historical geography of medieval England in the 1950s; his empiricist map analyses and cartographic studies in the 1960s; his first excursions in theory in studying map use in the 1970s; his work with David Woodward on The History of Cartography; and his forceful, compelling polemic for a post-structuralist study of cartography in the 1980s. Harley especially sought to create an intellectual identity for the field, first by means of academic cartography's communication models, supplemented by the art historical methodology of iconography, and subsequently by means of Michel Foucault's concept of power/knowledge and the analysis of maps as texts. This study accordingly provides a history of the late-twentieth-century paradigm shift in Anglo-American cartographic history, of the field's interrelations with the disciplines of human geography (including historical geography) and cartography, and of its own pretensions to disciplinary autonomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.477 | 0.371 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".