BIN overlap confirms transcontinental distribution of pest aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract DNA barcoding is highly effective for identifying specimens once a reference sequence library is available for the species assemblage targeted for analysis. Despite the great need for an improved capacity to identify the insect pests of crops, the use of DNA barcoding is constrained by the lack of a well-parameterized reference library. The current study begins to address this limitation by developing a DNA barcode reference library for the pest aphids of Pakistan. It also examines the affinities of these taxa with conspecific taxa from other geographic regions based on both conventional taxonomy and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). A total of 809 aphids were collected from 123 plant species at 87 sites across Pakistan. Morphological study and DNA barcoding allowed 774 specimens to be identified to one of 42 species while the others were placed to a genus or subfamily. The 801 sequences obtained from these specimens were assigned to 52 BINs whose monophyly were supported by neighbor-joining (NJ) clustering and Bayesian inference. The 42 species were assigned to 41 BINs with 38 showing BIN concordance; one species ( Rhopalosiphum padi ) was assigned to two BINs, while two others ( Aphis affinis, Aphis gossypii ) were assigned to the same BIN, while one species ( Aphis astragalina ) lacked a qualifying sequence. The 42 Linnaean species were represented on BOLD by 7,870 records from 69 countries. Combining these records with those from Pakistan produced to 60 BINs with 12 species showing a BIN split and three a BIN merger. Geo-distance correlations showed that intraspecific divergence values for 18 of 37 species were not affected by the distance between populations. Forty four of the 52 BINs from Pakistan had counterparts in 73 countries across six continents, documenting the broad distributions of pest aphids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".