Study of Diffusivity of Hydrocarbon Solvent in Heavy-Oil Saturated Sands Using X-Ray Computer Assisted Tomography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Hydrocarbon solvent-assisted processes are thought to be effective EOR technologies for heavy oil and bitumen production. In order to describe those processes quantitatively, the diffusivity of hydrocarbon solvent in oil sands is a crucial required parameter. Computer-assisted tomography (CAT), as a nonintrusive method, is a useful tool to obtain the physical properties of cores (density, porosity, heterogeneities) and the fluids within the cores (saturation or concentration profiles). However, the concentration profiles obtained from diffusion experiments of solvent in oil sands were fluctuating and could not be used to evaluate the diffusivity. In order to solve the problem, during the data processing of CAT scanning, porosity heterogeneity of porous media and volume changes on mixing are considered to improve the accuracy of concentration profiles dramatically. Subsequently, the diffusivity of hydrocarbon solvent in heavy-oil saturated sands is determined based on an updated mathematical model, which considers porosity heterogeneity of porous media in the major diffusion direction and volume changes on mixing. Thus, the diffusivity as a function of concentration and porosity is evaluated precisely and the impact of porosity heterogeneity of porous media on diffusivity determination of hydrocarbon solvent in heavy-oil saturated sands is investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".