Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Articular cartilage is a thin (about 1–6 mm in human joints) layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints. It consists of cells (2–15% in terms of volumetric fraction) and an intercellular matrix (85–98%) with a 65–80% water content. Articular cartilage is a viscoelastic material and in conjuction with synovial (joint) fluid, allows for virtually frictionless movement (coefficients of friction from 0.002–0.05) of the joint surfaces. Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that is associated with a degradation and loss of articular cartilage from the joint surfaces and a concomitant increase in joint friction causing pain and disability, particularly in the elderly population. The primary functions of articular cartilage include force transmission across joints, distribution of articular forces so as to minimize stress concentrations, and provision of a smooth surface for relative gliding of joint surfaces. In most people, articular cartilage fulfills its functional role for decades, although the incidence of osteoarthritis in North America is about 50% among people of age 60 and greater.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.140 | 0.128 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".