Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Primary bone tumors are rare with an incidence of 2 to 3 per million, and of these, high‐grade osteosarcoma is the most common, representing 35% of all bone sarcomas. The typical patient diagnosed with osteosarcoma is male, between the ages of 10 and 20 years, and complains of pain for one to three months. The tumor is most commonly at the metaphysis of a long bone, with a predilection to the knee region. Dramatic improvements in disease‐free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were demonstrated with the advent of doxorubicin and methotrexate chemotherapy regimes. The current standard of treatment for the patient with osteosarcoma is chemotherapy and resection of the primary tumor, most commonly preserving the limb. Despite the advances in radiological imaging, chemotherapy and surgery, 40 to 50% of patients will develop distant metastases and die of their disease. This chapter discusses the prognostic factors of disease outcome for osteosarcoma patients, specifically disease‐ or tumor‐related factors, host‐related factors, and environment‐ or treatment‐related factors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.113 | 0.043 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".