This issue of <i><scp>ACTA</scp></i>

The illustration on the cover shows the central role of reactive oxygen species in dry eye disease and shown by Seen and Tong from Singapore in a review paper in the electronic part of this issue of Acta. Dogrusöz and Jager in the Netherlands review genetic prognostic indicators in uveal melanoma, clinical implications and future perspectives. Manning et al. in the Netherlands performed a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial on postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery and found no advantage from intravitreal dexamethasone injections. Makhotkina et al. in Maastricht found a good correlation between lens density as measured with LOCS – III and objective measurements of lens density as well as phacoemulsification power needed in surgery. Nyström et al. in Sweden and Saudi Arabia found good visual outcoma and few cases of visual axis opacification with phaceemulsification and IOL implantation in children. Unilateral cataracts fared worse. Lundberg et al. in Denmark and the UK found no association between physical activity and myopia in a prospective study in adolescents. Sandfeld et al. in Denmark present normative data in children aged 4–7. They found ambliopia in 3%, reduced stereo acuity in 8% and no myopia. Stoor et al. in Finland found the Nidek AR300 A autorefractor to be reliable in population studies. Koefed et al. in Bergen found no association between visual parameters and observational ability of naval officers. Forsaa et al. in Norway found annual incidence of macular holes to be 7–8 per 100.000, more common in women and about 1/3 have epiretinal membrabes and/or vitreomacular traction. Torp et al. in Denmark, Japan, Singapore and the UK describe changes in retinal vascular pattern following panretinal photocoagulation. However, these patterns did not correlate with outcome. Haung et al. in China and the Netherlands recommended multispectral imaging to detect retinal pigment abnormalities in VKH disease. Van Overdam et al. in Rotterdam designed intraocular diathermy forceps and test them in porcine cadaver eyes. Jurgens and Ray in Barcelona document ocular findings in Zika virus infection. Vincente et al. in Sweden and Portugal describe a rare mycotic keratitis in arctic Scandinavia. The following publications are in the electronic part of the journal and can be accessed at www.actaophthalmologica.com. Seen and Tong from Singapore review the multifactorial causes of dry eye diasease including air pollution, ozone and UV radiation. The specifically point to oxidative stress as a central component of dry eye disease and potential for treatment. Frenkel et al. in Israel and Ireland found quality of life in uveal melanoma patients to be generally good, but mostly reduced by enucleation and reduced vision. Ludlow et al. in the United States successfully tested a modular IOL system in rabbits. Iannetta et al. in the UK, the Netherlands, Italy, the United States and Saudi Arabia were impressed with nitinol baskets to help remove lens fragments during vitrectomy. Leisser et al. in Austria found postoperative intraretinal cystoid changes to be associated with lesser benefit of vitrectomy and peeling of epiretinal membranes. Javed et al. in the UK describe improved ocular features following stem cell treatment for mucopolysacchariodosis type 1. Gerendas et al. in Vienna correlated height of subretinal fluid and visual handicap in central serous chorioretinopathy. Rezar-Dreindl et al. in Vienna found peripheral ischaemia/nonperfusion to remain stable during intravitreal dexamethasone treatment for retinal vein occlusion. Nasser et al. in Germany and Italy stress genetic diagnostics in cone-rod dystrophy related to ALMS1 gene. El-Asrar et al. in Audi-Arabia and Belgium describe an oxygen-regulated protein that is critically related to VEGF secretion and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. Foglia et al. in Italy and South Africa performed an economic analysis and found dexamethasone implants to be more cost effective than ranibizumab and aflibercept injections. Chen et al. in China accociate a leucine rich glycoprotein in plasma with progression of diabetic retinopathy. Han et al. in Korea found similar outcomes with low and conventional doses of intravitreal bevazicumab in Retinopathy of prematurity. Yamada et al. in Japan suggest that sleep apnoea may be associated with oxidative damage and promote glaucomatous visual field progression. Kiyota et al. in Japan used laser speckle flowgraphy and OCT angiography to correlate microcirculatory changes with glaucoma severity. Torres et al. in Canada, the United States, Japan, Germany and Singapore found protruded retial layers in 12% of individuals within the optic nerve rim, more common in Caucasians than Asians. Wu et al. in the United States and Canada performed a multicenter randomized clinical trial on chalazia and conclude that hot compresses with or without topical antibiotics with or without topical steroids are an effective first treatment. After 2 months, an incision is recommended. Kojima et al. in Japan found femtolaser corneal incisions to be inferior to knife in terms of self sealing properties and histological damage. Li et al. in China describe paravascular abnormalities in eyes with high myopia and retinoschisis. Habot-Wilner et al. in Israel describe optic head lesions in cat-schratch disease with neuroretinitis and vacscular occlusions. Antibiotics and steroids improve outcome. Jonsdottir et al. in Iceland explain the mechanism by which vitreoretinal traction causes retinal oedema. Mahajan and Vortruba in the UK describe a novel gene causing retinitis pigmentosa and cystic maculopathy. Ibrahim et al. in Brazil document reduced blinking in blind people. Termuhlen et al. in Germany describe a novel mutation in S-cone syndrome. Kam et al. in Singapore discuss cytomegalovirus endothelitis. Fasce et al. in Italy found somewhat less rotations stability of IOLs in myopic compared to emmetropic patients. Posch-Perlt et al. in Austria report found no significant systemic effects from intravitreal dexamethasone implants. Rezkallah et al. in France found dexamethasone implants to be safe in vitrectomized eyes. Min et al. in Korea describe retinal vasoconstriction following anti-VEGF injections. Krebs et al. in Belgium suggest that moxifloxacin use correlates with iris transillumination. I hope the readers enjoy both the printed and electronic parts of the journal and it will be pleasant summer reading for all. The entire journal is available in the electronic form on www.actaophthalmologica.com. If you want to comment on articles in the journal or add your own observations, feel free to submit a letter to the editor.

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