Changes in Hippocampal Plasticity and HPA Axis Function Following Postnatal Exposure to Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phthalates are known to affect the development of regions within the hippocampus, however the mechanisms of these toxic effects are not well known.Stress is also known to have detrimental effects on the hippocampus.This study aimed to determine whether phthalates affect hippocampal development, and whether there is an associated activation of the HPA axis.DEHP was injected in juvenile rats daily from PND 16 -PND 22. Brain tissue samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to quantify developing neurons.The Golgi -Cox Impregnation method was used for detailed morphological analyses.Blood samples were analyzed for corticosterone levels.The CA3 of males showed a decrease in the size of the area of basal dendrites at the middle and highest dose of DEHP treatment, while the DG of females showed a decrease in number of spines at the highest dose, and a decrease in the dendrite length at only the lowest dose. ABBREVIATIONSadrenocortiocotrophic hormone (ACTH); attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD); animal free blocker (AFB); α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA); AMPA receptor (AMPAR); brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); 5-Bromo-5'-deoxyuridine (BrdU); corticotrophic releasing hormone (CRH); doublecortin (DCX); di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); dentate gyrus (DG); embryonic (E); glucocorticoid receptors (GR); hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA); locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE); long term depression (LTD); long term potentiation (LTP); mineralocorticoid receptors (MR); Morris water maze (MWM); NMDA receptor channel complexes (NMDAR); phosphate buffer solution (PBS); postnatal day (PND); polyvinyl chloride (PVC); subgranular zone (SGZ); subventricular zone (SVZ)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".