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Record W4232079613 · doi:10.1201/9781482266696-17

Entrained air

2011· book-chapter· en· W4232079613 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicConcrete Properties and Behavior
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEnvironmental scienceGeology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The accidental discovery of the benefits obtained for both fresh and hardened concretes when they are stabilized with 3.5% to 6% of air (35 to 60 litres per m3) in the form of a network of very tiny bubbles (10 to 100 micrometres in diameter) was a significant step forward in the improvement of concrete durability. In this chapter, we will emphasize that some air should be entrained in all concretes, not only to improve their durability against freeze-thaw cycles, but also to improve their workability, a key factor when considering the durability and sustainability of concrete structures. We are convinced that entrained air is a key component of good concrete everywhere, not only in northern countries such as Canada. We are not alone in holding such a conviction. The Japanese also share this belief: systematically, they entrain 3.5% to 6% of air in all of their concrete in spite of the fact that resistance to freeze-thaw cycles is not a serious problem in Japan, except in the northern part of the Japanese archipelago, Hokaïdo Island.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.869
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0190.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.168
Teacher spread0.144 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2011
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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