Canada - Measures Affecting the Importation of Milk and the Exportation of Dairy Products - Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by New Zealand and the United States (WT/DS103, WT/DS113): Report of the Appellate Body
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canada appeals certain issues of law and legal interpretations in the Panel Report, Canada - Measures Affecting the Importation of Milk and the Exportation of Dairy Products - Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by New Zealand and the United States (the “Panel Report”). The Panel was established to consider a complaint by New Zealand and the United States that certain measures taken by Canada to comply with the recommendations and rulings of the Dispute Settlement Body (the “DSB”) in Canada - Measures Affecting the Importation of Milk and the Exportation of Dairy Products (“Canada - Dairy”) were not consistent with Canada's obligations under the Agreement on Agriculture and the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Duties (the “SCM Agreement”). In Canada - Dairy , the original panel and the Appellate Body found, inter alia , that Canada had acted inconsistently with its obligations under Articles 3.3 and 8 of the Agreement on Agriculture , through its scheme of Special Milk Classes 5(d) and 5(e), by providing “export subsidies” within the meaning of Article 9.1(c) of that Agreement, in excess of the quantity commitment levels specified by Canada in its Schedule of Commitments under the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (the “ WTO Agreement” ). On 27 October 1999, the DSB adopted the original panel and Appellate Body reports. On 23 December 1999, pursuant to Article 21.3(b) of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (the “DSU”), Canada, New Zealand and the United States agreed that the reasonable period of time for Canada to implement the recommendations and rulings of the DSB would expire on 31 December 2000. On 11 December 2000, the parties agreed to extend this period of time until 31 January 2001. On 19 January 2001, Canada affirmed that it would complete its implementation of the recommendations and rulings of the DSB by 31 January 2001. The measures taken by Canada to comply with the recommendations and rulings of the DSB included the elimination of Special Milk Class 5(e) and the restriction of exports of dairy products under Special Milk Class 5(d) to Canada's export subsidy commitment levels.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".