Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Marine communities are collections of organisms within an area of the ocean that interact with one another more than with other such collections. These organisms may span from microbes to seaweeds to large animals, but their composition changes drastically with habitat. Intertidal environments along the shoreline support low diversity but often high abundances of organisms adapted to highly variable environmental conditions. In contrast, the deep ocean, which is devoid of sunlight and where temperature and salt content vary little, supports low abundances of a high diversity of life. Sediments cover much of the seabed, creating the largest habitat on Earth in area, whereas the thousands of metres of water above the bottom create the largest habitat by volume. Coral reefs, which occur only in shallow tropical waters, support the most species dense habitat in the ocean and possibly on the planet. Highly productive transition zones between land and sea such as salt marshes, mangroves and seagrasses often provide nursery areas for adjacent coastal species. Nonetheless, many coastal habitats face multiple pressures from human activities and already show rapid change. Key Concepts Marine communities differ among habitats spanning from low‐diversity intertidal communities adapted to highly variable environments to species‐rich deep‐sea communities that live in far less dynamic environments. Intertidal communities are the best‐studied marine community because of their ease of access and relative simplicity. Estuarine habitats, where freshwater and seawater mix, often support high productivity and complex habitats such as mangroves and salt marshes that are important nurseries for a community of juvenile fishes and invertebrates. Coral reefs are highly diverse and productive habitats but human activities threaten reef communities in many parts of the world where coral reefs are in sharp decline. Scientists have sampled only a tiny fraction of the deep ocean and the potential for new discoveries of species and processes remains very high.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.152 | 0.055 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".