Canada – Measures Affecting the Export of Civilian Aircraft Recourse by Brazil to Article 21.5 of the DSU (WT/DS70): Report of the Appellate Body
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brazil appeals certain issues of law and legal interpretation in the Panel Report, Canada - Measures Affecting the Export of Civilian Aircraft, Recourse by Brazil to Article 21.5 of the DSU (the “Article 21.5 Panel Report”). The Article 21.5 Panel was established to consider a complaint by Brazil that certain measures taken by Canada to comply with the recommendations and rulings of the Dispute Settlement Body (the “DSB”), in Canada - Measures Affecting the Export of Civilian Aircraft (“ Canada - Aircraft ”), were not consistent with Article 3.1(a) of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (the “ SCM Agreement ”). The original panel found, inter alia , that “Canada Account debt financing since 1 January 1995 for the export of Canadian regional aircraft” and “[Technology Partnerships Canada] assistance to the Canadian regional aircraft industry [constitute] export subsidies inconsistent with Article[s] 3.1(a) and 3.2 of the SCM Agreement ”. The original panel concluded that “Canada shall withdraw [these] subsidies … within 90 days.” Before the Appellate Body, Canada appealed certain of the original panel's legal interpretations relating to Technology Partnerships Canada (“TPC”) assistance. Canada did not appeal the original panel's findings relating to the Canada Account. The Appellate Body upheld the original panel's finding that TPC assistance to the Canadian regional aircraft industry constitutes export subsidies inconsistent with Articles 3.1(a) and 3.2 of the SCM Agreement . Canada took steps to implement the recommendations and rulings of the DSB with respect to both the Canada Account and TPC. Taking the view that these measures were not consistent with Article 3.1(a) of the SCM Agreement , Brazil requested that the matter be referred to the original panel, pursuant to Article 21.5 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (the “DSU”). On 9 December 1999, in accordance with Article 21.5 of the DSU, the DSB referred the matter to the original panel. The Article 21.5 Panel Report was circulated to the Members of the World Trade Organization (the “WTO”) on 9 May 2000.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".