Investigating the effects of ocean layering and sea ice cover on acoustic propagation in the Beaufort Sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the past several decades, the Beaufort Gyre has experienced changes in sea-ice freshwater accumulation and ocean stratification which has implications for long-range acoustic propagation. In this talk, acoustic propagation from the Canadian Basin to the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf is modeled using measurements of physical oceanography and sea ice. Water masses that impact acoustic propagation and stratification in the basin include the warm, saline Atlantic Water (AW), which is overlain by cooler, less-saline Pacific Winter Water (PWW). Oceanographic observations reveal intrusions of a warmer, fresher water mass called Pacific Summer Water (PSW). This water mass resides below the surface mixed layer, but above the PWW and reduces acoustic interaction with the sea-ice canopy for source depths located in the halocline duct. Oceanographic data indicate that on the continental shelf, the PSW intrusion can be absent in the ice-covered months resulting in an upward refracting sound speed profile. Using measurements from ice-tethered profilers in the basin and oceanographic moorings on the shelf, we model the temporal and spatial variability of the acoustic field. The effect of scattering from the ice cover is included, with consideration given to the seasonal variability of sea-ice concentration, thickness, and acoustic properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".