Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extracellular recordings were made from cells in the ventral lateral geniculate (GLv) of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), and their responses studied with chomatic stimuli. A total of 156 units were studied, and of these, 124 were found to be optimally responsive to changes in hue, and not to changes of contrast or motion of the stimuli in their receptive fields.These chromatic responses can be characterized as follows: (1) they have large (average 15° × 15°) receptive fields; (2) these receptive fields are mostly located in the anterior part of the visual field; (3) the receptive fields are organized in a (rough) retinotopy in agreement with anatomical findings; (4) units exhibit a sustained response in the dark or under white illumination, which is strongly modulated by changes in hue of stimuli of equal illuminance; (4) the units have a complementary inhibitory response, thus exhibiting a color-opponent pattern of responses; (5) the inhibitory and excitatory areas of the receptive fields are uniform and superimposed; (6) there is a tendency of units of the same optimal chromatic responses to be clustered together in the GLv; (7) although units of all preferences are found, the population is dominated by units with preferences in the short wavelength end of the spectrum (48%).This is the first report of a region in the avian brain where color-opponent responses are found in significant numbers, thus making it apparent that the difficulty of finding similar units in the optic tract, tectum, dorsal geniculate, or telencephalon, is not due to a lack of appropriate retinal afferents. The relationship between the present findings and other reports on the GLv's anatomy and physiology are discussed, as well as its possible roles in the generation of chromatic behavioral discrimination of birds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.768 | 0.639 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".