Severe Hypomagnesemia with Long-Term Use of a Proton Pump Inhibitor: A Case Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Hypomagnesemia is a rare, though likely under-recognized, adverse effect of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications in North America. Hypomagnesemia can cause potentially life-threatening neurologic abnormalities, cardiac arrhythmias, and secondary electrolyte disorders. In this manuscript we present the case of a long-term PPI user who presented with an episode of decreased level of consciousness. He was found to have severe hypomagnesemia with avid renal retention of magnesium, secondary hypocalcemia with an inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone level, and hypokalemia. His serum magnesium and other electrolyte abnormalities rapidly corrected with cessation of PPI use and electrolyte supplementation. Given the propensity for patients with hypomagnesemia associated with PPI use to go unrecognized until they present with severe symptomatic hypomagnesemia, we recommend that patients being started on a PPI for an intended long-term course have baseline testing of serum magnesium and monitoring of magnesium on an annual basis, or sooner, if they develop symptoms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".