Bibliographic record
Abstract
Notes on Contributors Gilbert Ryle (1900–76) Taught at Christ Church, Oxford from 1924–45 and was Waynflete Professor of Metaphysics at Oxford University from 1945–68. His Concept of Mind (1949) is one of the classics of twentieth century philosophy. Jennifer Nagel Teaches philosophy at the University of New Mexico and the University of Toronto. Philip Kitcher Professor of Philosophy at Columbia University. He has written books and articles on a variety of topics in the philosophy of science. Achille Varzi Associate Professor of Philosophy at Columbia University. His most recent works are An Essay in Universal Semantics and Parts and Places (with Roberto Casati). Neil Cooper Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Dundee. He is author of The Diversity of Moral Thinking. His contributions to Philosophy include ‘Two Concepts of Morality’ (January 1996) and ‘The Art of Philosophy’ (April 1991). Stephen R. L. Clark Professor of Philosophy, University of Liverpool. His most recent book is Biology and Christian Ethics (forthcoming, Cambridge University Press). D. Goldstick Professor of Philosophy, University of Toronto. His earlier contributions to Philosophy include ‘The Welfare of the Dead’ (January 1988). Colin Radford Formerly Research Professor of Philosophy, University of Kent. Now Emeritus (since 1996). Phil Dowe Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Tasmania. He works on causation, time and chance. He has published a book on causation, Physical Causation (Cambridge University Press, 2000) and is currently working on a book on time travel called ‘Backwards Causation’.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.673 | 0.513 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".