A low-cost 10 mm diameter histotripsy transducer for tissue ablation guided by a co-registered high-frequency endoscopic phased array
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, we present the development of a low-cost, 10 mm diameter histotripsy transducer with co-registered imaging using a 45 MHZ, 64-element phased array. The construction of 10 mm diameter transducer consisting of a 45% volume fraction composite, aluminum lens, and quarter-wavelength parylene matching layer is outlined. Steady-state peak-to-peak pressure ranges from 3.0 to 10.6 MPa as drive voltage ranges from 15 V to 50 V. The beam profile of the transducer was measured using a hydrophone, where the radial 3 dB width was found to be 0.176 mm while the 3 dB length in the axial direction was found to be 1.109 mm for a 20 cycle pulse. Co-registered imaging and ablation results for chinchilla neural tissue are shown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".